Columnar apple trees and their varieties

Varieties of Increasing Trees

An increasing tree is a labelled rooted tree in which labels along any branch from the root go in increasing order. Under various guises, such trees have surfaced as tree representations of permutations, as data structures in computer science, and as probabilistic models in diverse applications. We present a uniied generating function approach to the enumeration of parameters on such trees. The...

Cisgenic apple trees; development, characterization, and performance

Two methods were developed for the generation of cisgenic apples. Both have been successfully applied producing trees. The first method avoids the use of any foreign selectable marker genes; only the gene-of-interest is integrated between the T-DNA border sequences. The second method makes use of recombinase-based marker excision. For the first method we used the MdMYB10 gene from a red-fleshed...

Varieties of Algebras and their Congruence Varieties

1. Congruence lattices. G. Birkhoff and O. Frink noted that the congruence lattice Con04) of an algebra A (with operations of finite rank) is algebraic or compactly generated. The celebrated Grätzer-Schmidt theorem states that, conversely, every algebraic lattice is isomorphic to Con(A) for some algebra A. The importance of this is obvious, for it shows that unless something more is known about...

Post Harvest Physical and Nutritional Properties of Two Apple Varieties

Rootstocks for Size Control in Apple Trees